Java 泛型中的有界类型?
java 8object oriented programmingprogramming更新于 2025/11/15 6:04:17
每当您想要将类型参数限制为特定类的子类型时,都可以使用有界类型参数。如果您仅将类型(类)指定为有界参数,则当前泛型类仅接受该特定类的子类型。这些在 Java 泛型中称为有界类型。
为类定义有界类型
您只需使用类型参数扩展所需类即可声明绑定参数,在尖括号内为 −
class Sample <T extends Number>
示例
在下面的 Java 示例中,泛型类 Sample 使用有界参数将类型参数限制为 Number 类的子类。
class Sample <T extends Number>{
T data;
Sample(T data){
this.data = data;
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Data value is: "+this.data);
}
}
public class BoundsExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Sample<Integer> obj1 = new Sample<Integer>(20);
obj1.display();
Sample<Double> obj2 = new Sample<Double>(20.22d);
obj2.display();
Sample<Float> obj3 = new Sample<Float>(125.332f);
obj3.display();
}
}
输出
Data value is: 20 Data value is: 20.22 Data value is: 125.332
现在,如果你将其他类型作为参数传递给此类(例如 String),则会产生编译时错误erated.
示例
public class BoundsExample {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Sample<Integer> obj1 = new Sample<Integer>(20);
obj1.display();
Sample<Double> obj2 = new Sample<Double>(20.22d);
obj2.display();
Sample<String> obj3 = new Sample<String>("Krishna");
obj3.display();
}
}
编译时错误
BoundsExample.java:16: error: type argument String is not within bounds of type-variable T
Sample<String> obj3 = new Sample<String>("Krishna");
^
where T is a type-variable:
T extends Number declared in class Sample
BoundsExample.java:16: error: type argument String is not within bounds of type-variable T
Sample<String> obj3 = new Sample<String>("Krishna"); ^
where T is a type-variable:
T extends Number declared in class Sample
2 errors
为方法定义有界类型
就像使用类为泛型方法定义有界类型参数一样,在 extend 关键字后指定它们。如果传递的类型不是指定有界类型的子类,则会产生错误。
示例
在下面的示例中,我们将 Collection<Integer> 类型设置为类型参数的上限,即此方法接受所有集合对象(Integer 类型)。
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class GenericMethod {
public static <T extends Collection<Integer>> void sampleMethod(T ele){
Iterator<Integer> it = ele.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(24);
list.add(56);
list.add(89);
list.add(75);
list.add(36);
sampleMethod(list);
}
}
输出
24 56 89 75 36
现在,如果将集合以外的类型作为类型参数传递给此方法,则会生成编译时错误。
示例
public class GenericMethod {
public static <T extends Collection<Integer>> void sampleMethod(T ele){
Iterator<Integer> it = ele.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(24);
list.add(56);
list.add(89);
list.add(75);
list.add(36);
sampleMethod(list);
Integer [] intArray = {24, 56, 89, 75, 36};
sampleMethod(intArray);
}
}
编译时错误
GenericMethod.java:23: error: method sampleMethod in class GenericMethod cannot be applied to given types; sampleMethod(intArray); ^ required: T found: Integer[] reason: inferred type does not conform to upper bound(s) inferred: Integer[] upper bound(s): Collection<Integer> where T is a type-variable: T extends Collection<Integer> declared in method <T>sampleMethod(T) 1 error

