如何在 Ubuntu 中安装 C 编译器和开发工具
information technologylinux
许多 Linux 工程师需要掌握一些通用编程语言来自动化他们的日常任务。本文将介绍如何在 Linux 中安装 C 和 C++ 编译器及其开发工具(build-essential)以及相关软件包，例如 make、libc-dev、dpkg-dev 等。
在开始安装之前，最好先了解一下编译器。
"编译器是一种软件程序，它处理用特定编程语言编写的语句，并创建一个机器 CPU 可以轻松理解和执行的二进制文件。"
安装 C、C++ 编译器和开发工具
如果您的系统中没有安装 Build-Essential Tools，请使用以下命令:
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
输出结果应如下所示 –
Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgphoto2-port10:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libice6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libllvm3.6:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmouse-perl libmpg123-0:i386 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libogg0:i386 libopenal1:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libosmesa6:i386 libp11-kit-gnome-keyring:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpciaccess0:i386 ........................
加速 C 和 C++ 编译
为了加快编译速度，我们应该删除旧的缓存文件。要安装缓存管理工具，请使用以下命令:
$ sudo apt-get install aptitude
输出结果应如下所示:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gcc-4.8-base:i386 libasn1-8-heimdal:i386 libasound2:i386 libasound2-plugins:i386 libasyncns0:i386 libavahi-client3:i386 libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libbit-vector-perl libcapi20-3:i386 libcarp-clan-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl libcups2:i386 libdata-random-perl libdate-calc-perl libdate-calc-xs-perl libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386 libdrm-radeon1:i386 libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libexif12:i386 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libflac8:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt11:i386 libgd-perl libgd3:i386 libgif4:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386 libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libglu1-mesa:i386 libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnutls26:i386 libgpg-error0:i386 libgphoto2-6:i386 libgphoto2-port10:i386 libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgssapi3-heimdal:i386 libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386 libgstreamer0.10-0:i386 libhcrypto4-heimdal:i386 libheimbase1-heimdal:i386 libheimntlm0-heimdal:i386 libhx509-5-heimdal:i386 libice6:i386 libieee1284-3:i386 libjack-jackd2-0:i386 libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386 libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386 libkrb5-26-heimdal:i386 libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 liblcms2-2:i386 libldap-2.4-2:i386 libllvm3.6:i386 libltdl7:i386 libmouse-perl libmpg123-0:i386 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libogg0:i386 libopenal1:i386 liborc-0.4-0:i386 libosmesa6:i386 libp11-kit-gnome-keyring:i386 libp11-kit0:i386 libpciaccess0:i386 libpulse0:i386 libroken18-heimdal:i386 libsamplerate0:i386 libsane:i386 libsasl2-2:i386 libsasl2-modules:i386 libsasl2-modules-db:i386 libsm6:i386 libsndfile1:i386 libspeexdsp1:i386 libsqlite3-0:i386 libssl1.0.0:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libtasn1-6:i386 libtiff5:i386 libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:i386 libusb-1.0-0:i386 libv4l-0:i386 libv4lconvert0:i386 libvorbis0a:i386 ...................................
现在使用 aptitude 安装 ccache 工具，如下所示 –
$ sudo aptitude install ccache
示例输出应如下所示 -
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ccache
The following packages will be REMOVED:
gcc-4.8-base:i386{u} libasn1-8-heimdal:i386{u} libasound2:i386{u}
libasound2-plugins:i386{u} libasyncns0:i386{u} libavahi-client3:i386{u}
libavahi-common-data:i386{u} libavahi-common3:i386{u}
libbit-vector-perl{u} libcapi20-3:i386{u} libcarp-clan-perl{u}
libclass-method-modifiers-perl{u} libcups2:i386{u} libdata-random-perl{u}
libdate-calc-perl{u} libdate-calc-xs-perl{u} libdrm-amdgpu1:i386{u}
libdrm-intel1:i386{u} libdrm-nouveau2:i386{u} libdrm-radeon1:i386{u}
libedit2:i386{u} libelf1:i386{u} libexif12:i386{u} libexpat1:i386{u}
libffi6:i386{u} libflac8:i386{u} libfontconfig1:i386{u}
libfreetype6:i386{u} libgcrypt11:i386{u} libgd-perl{u} libgd3:i386{u}
libgif4:i386{u} libgl1-mesa-dri-lts-wily:i386{u}
libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-wily:i386{u} libglapi-mesa-lts-wily:i386{u}
libglib2.0-0:i386{u} libglu1-mesa:i386{u} libgnome2-gconf-perl{u}
libgnutls26:i386{u} libgpg-error0:i386{u} libgphoto2-6:i386{u}
libgphoto2-port10:i386{u} libgssapi-krb5-2:i386{u}
libgssapi3-heimdal:i386{u} libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:i386{u}
.........................................
使用示例程序测试 C 和 C++
例如，要测试一个 C 程序，请创建一个名为 sum.c 的文件，并添加以下命令:
#include
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter two numbers to add: ");
scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);
c = a + b;
printf("The sum of two numbers equals %d
",c);
return 0;
}
上述命令返回两个数字之和。要将上述代码编译成当前工作目录中名为 sum 的可执行文件，请使用 gcc 命令的 -o 开关。
$ gcc sum.c -o sum
要使用 ccache 命令，请使用以下命令:
$ ccache gcc sum.c -o sum
要运行二进制命令，请使用以下命令。
$ ./sum
示例输出应如下所示 -
$ ./sum Enter two numbers to add: 24 54 The sum of equals 78
恭喜!现在您已经知道如何在 Ubuntu 中安装 C、C++ 编译器和开发工具了。我们将在下一篇 Linux 文章中学习更多关于这些命令的内容。敬请期待!
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有用资源
linux 参考教程 - 该教程包含有关 linux 的更多信息:https://www.cainiaomax.com/linux/
