如何使用 yum 命令在 CentOS RHEL 7 上安装 GNOME 桌面

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GNOME 是一个完全直观且用户友好的桌面环境，适用于基于 CentOS 和 RHEL 7.x 的系统。GNOME 桌面的最新版本包括 GNOME 2 到 GNOME 3 以及 GNOME Shell 桌面。大多数喜欢传统桌面环境的用户可以通过 GNOME 的经典模式来实现。它还支持扩展，可以进行完全配置。如果您已经完成了基本安装，本文将介绍如何使用命令行选项在 CentOS 7 或 RHEL 7 上安装 GNOME GUI。

安装 GNOME GUI

要安装 GNOME GUI，请使用以下命令:

$ yum grouplist

示例输出应如下所示 -

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
* elrepo: elrepo.reloumirrors.net
* extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
* updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
google-chrome 3/3
Available Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
Done

要安装 GNOME 桌面组，请输入以下命令(需要 root 权限)–

# sudo yum groups install "GNOME Desktop"

示例输出应如下所示 -

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
base                                  | 3.6 kB 00:00
elrepo                                | 2.9 kB 00:00
extras                                | 3.4 kB 00:00
google-chrome                         | 951 B 00:00
updates                               | 3.4 kB 00:00
(1/3): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db     | 101 kB 00:00
(2/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db    | 3.1 MB 00:00
(3/3): elrepo/primary_db              | 348 kB 00:02
google-chrome/primary                 | 1.8 kB 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.iitm.ac.in
* elrepo: mirrors.ircam.fr
* extras: ftp.iitm.ac.in
* updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
google-chrome 3/3
Warning: Group core does not have any packages to install.
Warning: Group guest-agents does not have any packages to install.
Package gtk2-immodule-xim-2.24.28-8.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
.........

要在 RHEL 7 或 CentOS Linux 7 服务器上安装 GNOME 以便使用图形用户界面 (GUI) 运行网络基础设施服务，请输入以下命令 -

# sudo yum groups install "Server with GUI"

设置系统直接启动

这将允许用户在输入用户名和密码登录时直接进入 GNOME 图形用户界面 -

# sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

示例输出应如下所示 -

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/default.target to /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.

从命令行启动 GUI 登录

要从命令行界面启动 GUI 登录，请使用以下命令 -