Flat Buffers - union
概述
union 数据类型是 Flat Buffers 的复合数据类型之一。它用于创建灵活的数据结构,可以采用任何所需类型。
继续使用 Flat Buffers - String 章节中的 theater 示例,以下是我们需要用来指示 FlatBuffers 创建 union 的语法 −
theater.fbs
namespace com.tutorialspoint.theater;
union People { Employee, Viewer }
table Theater {
people: People;
}
table Employee {
name:string;
address:string;
id: int;
}
table Viewer {
name: string;
address: string;
}
root_type Theater;
现在我们的表包含定义为两个表 Employee 和 Viewer 的 People 的 union 属性。在 Theater 表中,我们定义了 union 类型的 people,这意味着我们可以将任何 Employee 或 Viewer 存储在 people 变量中。
从 fbs 文件创建 Java 类
要使用 FlatBuffers,我们现在必须使用 flatc 二进制文件从此".fbs"文件创建所需的类。让我们看看如何做到这一点 −
flatc --java theater.fbs
这将在当前目录的 com > tutorialspoint > theater 文件夹中创建 Theater、People、Employee 和 Viewer 类。我们在应用程序中使用此类的方式与 Flat Buffers - Schema 一章中的方式类似。
使用从 fbs 文件创建的 Java 类
创建和编写 Union
为了创建 Union,我们首先需要准备所需类型的偏移量,例如 Viewer,然后我们可以将查看器及其类型添加到Flat Buffers。
// 为 Viewer 创建偏移量
int viewerName = builder.createString("Mery");
int viewerAddress = builder.createString("Avenue 4");
int viewer = Viewer.createViewer(builder, viewerName, viewerAddress);
//添加 union 类型
Theater.addPeopleType(builder, People.Viewer);
// 向 Theater FlatBuffer 添加详细信息
Theater.addPeople(builder, viewer);
以下示例代码展示了创建 Union 的过程。
TheaterWriter.java
package com.tutorialspoint.theater;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;
public class TheaterWriter {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
// 创建一个Flat Buffers构建器
// 它将用于创建 Theater FlatBuffer
FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024);
// 为 Viewer 创建偏移量
int viewerName = builder.createString("Mery");
int viewerAddress = builder.createString("Avenue 4");
int viewer = Viewer.createViewer(builder, viewerName, viewerAddress);
// 为向量创建偏移量
//int people = Theater.createPeople
// 使用 startTheater() 方法创建 theater FlatBuffers
Theater.startTheater(builder);
//添加联合类型
Theater.addPeopleType(builder, People.Viewer);
// 向 Theater FlatBuffer 添加详细信息
Theater.addPeople(builder, viewer);
// 标记在 Greet FlatBuffer 中输入的数据的结束
int theater = Theater.endTheater(builder);
// 完成构建器
builder.finish(theater);
// 获取要存储的字节
byte[] data = builder.sizedByteArray();
String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
System.out.println("将Theater 保存到文件:" + filename);
// 将构建器内容写入名为 theater_flatbuffers_output 的文件
try(FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename)){
output.write(data);
}
System.out.println("Saved theater with following data to disk:
" + theater);
}
}
读取 Union
为了读取 Union,我们可以检查 union 对象的类型,然后相应地检索值。
// 获取保存的 union 类型
int unionType = theater.peopleType();
// 如果 union 是 Viewer 类型
if(unionType == People.Viewer) {
Viewer viewer = (Viewer)theater.people(new Viewer());
System.out.println("Name: " + viewer.name());
System.out.println("Address: " + viewer.address());
}
// 如果 union 是 Employee 类型
else if(unionType == People.Employee) {
Employee employee = (Employee)theater.people(new Employee());
System.out.println("Name: " + employee.name());
System.out.println("Address: " + employee.address());
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.id());
}
以下示例代码展示了读取 Union 的过程。
TheaterReader.java
package com.tutorialspoint.theater;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
public class TheaterReader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output";
System.out.println("Reading from file " + filename);
try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(filename)) {
// 获取序列化数据
byte[] data = input.readAllBytes();
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
// 读取序列化数据中的根对象
Theater theater = Theater.getRootAsTheater(buf);
// 打印 theater 值
System.out.println("People: ");
// 获取 union 的类型
int unionType = theater.peopleType();
// 如果 union 是 Viewer 类型
if(unionType == People.Viewer) {
Viewer viewer = (Viewer)theater.people(new Viewer());
System.out.println("Name: " + viewer.name());
System.out.println("Address: " + viewer.address());
} else if(unionType == People.Employee) {
Employee employee = (Employee)theater.people(new Employee());
System.out.println("Name: " + employee.name());
System.out.println("Address: " + employee.address());
System.out.println("Id: " + employee.id());
}
}
}
}
编译项目
现在我们已经设置了reader和writer,让我们编译项目。
mvn clean install
序列化 Java 对象
现在,编译后,让我们先执行writer −
> java -cp . arget\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterWriter Saving theater information to file: theater_flatbuffers_output Saved theater information with following data to disk: 60
反序列化序列化对象
现在,让我们执行读取器来读取同一个文件−
java -cp . arget\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterReader Reading from file theater_flatbuffers_output People: Name: Mery Address: Avenue 4
因此,如我们所见,我们可以通过将二进制数据反序列化为 Theater 对象来读取序列化的 struct。在下一章 Flat Buffers - Nested Tables 中,我们将研究 Nested Tables,一种复合类型。

