F# - 可变数据
F# 中的变量是不可变的,这意味着一旦变量绑定到值,就无法更改。 它们实际上被编译为静态只读属性。
以下示例演示了这一点。
示例
let x = 10 let y = 20 let z = x + y printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z let x = 15 let y = 20 let z = x + y printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z
编译并执行程序时,显示以下错误消息 −
Duplicate definition of value 'x' Duplicate definition of value 'Y' Duplicate definition of value 'Z'
可变变量
有时您需要更改存储在变量中的值。 为了指定在程序的后续部分可以更改声明和分配的变量的值,F# 提供了 mutable 关键字。 您可以使用此关键字声明和分配可变变量,您将更改其值。
mutable 关键字允许您在可变变量中声明和赋值。
您可以使用 let 关键字为可变变量分配一些初始值。 但是,要为其分配新的后续值,您需要使用 <- 运算符。
例如,
let mutable x = 10 x <- 15
下面的例子将阐明这个概念 −
示例
let mutable x = 10 let y = 20 let mutable z = x + y printfn "Original Values:" printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z printfn "Let us change the value of x" printfn "Value of z will change too." x <- 15 z <- x + y printfn "New Values:" printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z
当您编译并执行该程序时,它会产生以下输出 −
Original Values: x: 10 y: 20 z: 30 Let us change the value of x Value of z will change too. New Values: x: 15 y: 20 z: 35
可变数据的使用
数据处理中经常需要和使用可变数据,特别是记录数据结构。 下面的例子演示了这一点 −
open System
type studentData =
{ ID : int;
mutable IsRegistered : bool;
mutable RegisteredText : string; }
let getStudent id =
{ ID = id;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null; }
let registerStudents (students : studentData list) =
students |> List.iter(fun st ->
st.IsRegistered <- true
st.RegisteredText <- sprintf "Registered %s" (DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss"))
Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) (* Putting thread to sleep for 1 second to simulate processing overhead. *))
let printData (students : studentData list) =
students |> List.iter (fun x -> printfn "%A" x)
let main() =
let students = List.init 3 getStudent
printfn "Before Process:"
printData students
printfn "After process:"
registerStudents students
printData students
Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore
main()
当您编译并执行该程序时,它会产生以下输出 −
Before Process:
{ID = 0;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
{ID = 1;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
{ID = 2;
IsRegistered = false;
RegisteredText = null;}
After process:
{ID = 0;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:15";}
{ID = 1;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:16";}
{ID = 2;
IsRegistered = true;
RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:17";}

