如何创建 dalvik 不会终止的 Android 服务?
在开始示例之前,我们应该了解 Android 中的服务是什么。服务会在后台运行,不与 UI 交互,即使在 Activity 销毁后也能正常工作。
本示例演示了如何创建 dalvik 不会终止的 Android 服务。
步骤 1 − 在 Android Studio 中创建一个新项目,转到"文件"->"新建项目",并填写所有必需的信息以创建新项目。
步骤 2 − 将以下代码添加到 res/layout/activity_main.xml。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width = "match_parent" android:layout_height = "match_parent" tools:context = ".MainActivity"> <TextView android:id = "@+id/text" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:text = "Start Service" android:textSize = "25sp" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf = "parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf = "parent" /> </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
在上面的代码中,我们采用了文本视图,当用户点击文本视图时,它将启动服务和停止服务。
步骤 3 − 将以下代码添加到 src/MainActivity.java
package com.example.andy.myapplication;
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final TextView text = findViewById(R.id.text);
text.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (isMyServiceRunning(service.class)) {
text.setText("Stoped");
stopService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, service.class));
} else {
text.setText("Started");
startService(new Intent(MainActivity.this, service.class));
}
}
});
}
private boolean isMyServiceRunning(Class<?> serviceClass) {
ActivityManager manager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
for (ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo service : manager.getRunningServices(Integer.MAX_VALUE)) {
if (serviceClass.getName().equals(service.service.getClassName())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们启动和停止了服务。我们使用了 Intent 并传递了上下文和服务类。现在,在包文件夹中创建一个服务类,命名为 service.class,并添加以下代码 -
package com.example.andy.myapplication;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.PowerManager;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class service extends Service {
PowerManager pm;
@SuppressLint("InvalidWakeLockTag")
PowerManager.WakeLock wl;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@SuppressLint("InvalidWakeLockTag")
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
pm = (PowerManager) getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
wl = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.SCREEN_DIM_WAKE_LOCK, "My Tag");
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
wl.acquire();
//Do some task
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service started by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return START_STICKY;
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
wl.release();
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service destroyed by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
在上面的代码中,我们调用电源管理器来停止屏幕锁定,因此 android 线程不会停止服务线程,如下所示 –
@SuppressLint("InvalidWakeLockTag")
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
pm = (PowerManager) getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
wl = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.SCREEN_DIM_WAKE_LOCK, "My Tag");
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN)
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
wl.acquire();
//Do some task
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service started by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return START_STICKY;
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
wl.release();
Toast.makeText(this, "Notification Service destroyed by user.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
步骤 4 − 将以下代码添加到 manifest.xml
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package = "com.example.andy.myapplication"> <uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/> <application android:allowBackup = "true" android:icon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label = "@string/app_name" android:roundIcon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl = "true" android:theme = "@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name = ".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:name = ".service"/> </application> </manifest>
让我们尝试运行您的应用程序。假设您已将实际的 Android 移动设备连接到电脑。要从 Android Studio 运行该应用程序,请打开项目的某个活动文件,然后点击工具栏上的"运行"图标
。选择您的移动设备作为选项,然后勾选将显示默认屏幕的移动设备 –

以上结果为初始屏幕,点击"文本"视图,它将启动通知服务,如下所示 -

在上面的结果中,服务已启动。现在点击文本视图,它将停止通知服务,如下所示 -

点击此处下载项目代码

