如何使用 Python 中的 ZIPFILE 模块压缩文件。
pythonserver side programmingprogramming更新于 2026/2/14 20:28:17
问题
您想在 Python 中创建一个压缩文件。
简介
ZIP 文件可以保存许多其他文件的压缩内容。压缩文件会减小其在磁盘上的大小，这在使用 Control-m AFT 或 Connect direct 甚至 scp 通过互联网或系统之间传输文件时非常有用。
Python 程序使用 zipfile 模块中的函数创建 ZIP 文件。
如何操作...
1. 我们将使用 zipfile 和 io 包。如果您的系统上缺少任何包，请使用 pip 安装它们。如果您不确定，请使用 pip freeze 命令验证包。
2. 我们将编写一个函数将示例数据写入文件。下面的函数 write_data_to_files 将数据作为输入并在当前目录名中创建一个文件。
示例
# Function : write_data_to_files
def write_data_to_files(inp_data, file_name):
"""
function : create a csv file with the data passed to this code
args : inp_data : data to be written to the target file
file_name : target file name to store the data
return : none
assumption : File to be created and this code are in same directory.
"""
print(f" *** Writing the data to - {file_name}")
throwaway_storage = io.StringIO(inp_data)
with open(file_name, 'w') as f:
for line in throwaway_storage:
f.write(line)
3. 我们现在将编写一个 file_compress 函数来压缩上述步骤中创建的文件。此函数接受文件列表，浏览它们并将其压缩为 zip 文件。注释中提供了每个步骤的详细说明。
要创建自己的压缩 ZIP 文件，您必须通过传递 'w' 作为第二个参数以写入模式打开 ZipFile 对象。
当您将路径传递给 ZipFile 对象的 write() 方法时，Python 将压缩该路径上的文件并将其添加到 ZIP 文件中。
write() 方法的第一个参数是要添加的文件名的字符串。
第二个参数是压缩类型参数 - 它告诉计算机应该使用什么算法来压缩文件。
示例
# Function : file_compress
def file_compress(inp_file_names, out_zip_file):
"""
function : file_compress
args : inp_file_names : list of filenames to be zipped
out_zip_file : output zip file
return : none
assumption : Input file paths and this code is in same directory.
"""
# Select the compression mode ZIP_DEFLATED for compression
# or zipfile.ZIP_STORED to just store the file
compression = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
print(f" *** Input File name passed for zipping - {inp_file_names}")
# create the zip file first parameter path/name, second mode
print(f' *** out_zip_file is - {out_zip_file}')
zf = zipfile.ZipFile(out_zip_file, mode="w")
try:
for file_to_write in inp_file_names:
# Add file to the zip file
# first parameter file to zip, second filename in zip
print(f' *** Processing file {file_to_write}')
zf.write(file_to_write, file_to_write, compress_type=compression)
except FileNotFoundError as e:
print(f' *** Exception occurred during zip process - {e}')
finally:
# Don't forget to close the file!
zf.close()
4. 我们将调用函数来创建两个 csv 文件，然后对它们进行压缩。我们将使用赢得超过 1 个大满贯冠军的网球运动员数据到一个文件 - temporary_file1_for_zip.csv，将赢得少于或等于 1 个大满贯冠军的网球运动员数据到另一个文件 temporary_file1_for_zip.csv。然后我们将这两个文件压缩到 temporary.zip 文件中。
示例
import zipfile import io import pandas as pd file_name1 = "temporary_file1_for_zip.csv" file_name2 = "temporary_file2_for_zip.csv" file_name_list = [file_name1, file_name2] zip_file_name = "temporary.zip" # data for file 1 file_data_1 = """ player,titles Federer,20 Nadal,20 Djokovic,17 Murray,3 """ # data for file 2 file_data_2 = """ player,titles Theim,1 Zverev,0 Medvedev,0 Rublev,0 """ # write the file_data to file_name write_data_to_files(file_data_1, file_name1) write_data_to_files(file_data_2, file_name2) # zip the file_name to zip_file_name file_compress(file_name_list, zip_file_name)
示例
5.将上述步骤中讨论的所有内容放在一起。
# Define the data
# let us create a zip file with a single file
import zipfile
import io
import pandas as pd
# Function : write_data_to_files
def write_data_to_files(inp_data, file_name):
"""
function : create a csv file with the data passed to this code
args : inp_data : data to be written to the target file
file_name : target file name to store the data
return : none
assumption : File to be created and this code are in same directory.
"""
print(f" *** Writing the data to - {file_name}")
throwaway_storage = io.StringIO(inp_data)
with open(file_name, 'w') as f:
for line in throwaway_storage:
f.write(line)
# Function : file_compress
def file_compress(inp_file_names, out_zip_file):
"""
function : file_compress
args : inp_file_names : list of filenames to be zipped
out_zip_file : output zip file
return : none
assumption : Input file paths and this code is in same directory.
"""
# Select the compression mode ZIP_DEFLATED for compression
# or zipfile.ZIP_STORED to just store the file
compression = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
print(f" *** Input File name passed for zipping - {inp_file_names}")
# create the zip file first parameter path/name, second mode
print(f' *** out_zip_file is - {out_zip_file}')
zf = zipfile.ZipFile(out_zip_file, mode="w")
try:
for file_to_write in inp_file_names:
# Add file to the zip file
# first parameter file to zip, second filename in zip
print(f' *** Processing file {file_to_write}')
zf.write(file_to_write, file_to_write, compress_type=compression)
except FileNotFoundError as e:
print(f' *** Exception occurred during zip process - {e}')
finally:
# Don't forget to close the file!
zf.close()
# __main__ program
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Define your file name and data
file_name1 = "temporary_file1_for_zip.csv"
file_name2 = "temporary_file2_for_zip.csv"
file_name_list = [file_name1, file_name2]
zip_file_name = "temporary.zip"
file_data_1 = """
player,titles
Federer,20
Nadal,20
Djokovic,17
Murray,3
"""
file_data_2 = """
player,titles
Theim,1
Zverev,0
Medvedev,0
Rublev,0
"""
# write the file_data to file_name
write_data_to_files(file_data_1, file_name1)
write_data_to_files(file_data_2, file_name2)
# zip the file_name to zip_file_name
file_compress(file_name_list, zip_file_name)
*** Writing the data to - temporary_file1_for_zip.csv *** Writing the data to - temporary_file2_for_zip.csv *** Input File name passed for zipping - ['temporary_file1_for_zip.csv', 'temporary_file2_for_zip.csv'] *** out_zip_file is - temporary.zip *** Processing file temporary_file1_for_zip.csv *** Processing file temporary_file2_for_zip.csv
输出
执行上述代码时，输出为
在当前目录中创建temporary_file1_for_zip.csv。
在当前目录中创建temporary_file2_for_zip.csv。
在当前目录中创建temporary.zip文件。
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有用资源
python 参考教程 - 该教程包含有关 python 的更多信息:https://www.cainiaomax.com/python/
