MySQL - SET CHARACTER SET 语句
MySQL 的字符集是指字符串中允许使用的合法字符集。MySQL 提供了多种字符集，您可以使用 显示字符集 语句查看所有可用字符集的列表。
SHOW CHARACTER SET\G;
输出
上述 mysql 查询产生以下输出 -
*********** 1. row **********
Charset: armscii8
Description: ARMSCII-8 Armenian
Default collation: armscii8_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 2. row **********
Charset: ascii
Description: US ASCII
Default collation: ascii_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 3. row **********
Charset: big5
Description: Big5 Traditional Chinese
Default collation: big5_chinese_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 4. row **********
Charset: binary
Description: Binary pseudo charset
Default collation: binary
Maxlen: 1
********** 5. row **********
Charset: cp1250
Description: Windows Central European
Default collation: cp1250_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 6. row **********
Charset: cp1251
Description: Windows Cyrillic
Default collation: cp1251_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 7. row **********
Charset: cp1256
Description: Windows Arabic
Default collation: cp1256_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 8. row **********
Charset: cp1257
Description: Windows Baltic
Default collation: cp1257_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 9. row **********
Charset: cp850
Description: DOS West European
Default collation: cp850_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 10. row **********
Charset: cp852
Description: DOS Central European
Default collation: cp852_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 11. row **********
Charset: cp866
Description: DOS Russian
Default collation: cp866_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 12. row **********
Charset: cp932
Description: SJIS for Windows Japanese
Default collation: cp932_japanese_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 13. row **********
Charset: dec8
Description: DEC West European
Default collation: dec8_swedish_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 14. row **********
Charset: eucjpms
Description: UJIS for Windows Japanese
Default collation: eucjpms_japanese_ci
Maxlen: 3
********** 15. row **********
Charset: euckr
Description: EUC-KR Korean
Default collation: euckr_korean_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 16. row **********
Charset: gb18030
Description: China National Standard GB18030
Default collation: gb18030_chinese_ci
Maxlen: 4
********** 17. row **********
Charset: gb2312
Description: GB2312 Simplified Chinese
Default collation: gb2312_chinese_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 18. row **********
Charset: gbk
Description: GBK Simplified Chinese
Default collation: gbk_chinese_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 19. row **********
Charset: geostd8
Description: GEOSTD8 Georgian
Default collation: geostd8_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 20. row **********
Charset: greek
Description: ISO 8859-7 Greek
Default collation: greek_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 21. row **********
Charset: hebrew
Description: ISO 8859-8 Hebrew
Default collation: hebrew_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 22. row **********
Charset: hp8
Description: HP West European
Default collation: hp8_english_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 23. row **********
Charset: keybcs2
Description: DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak
Default collation: keybcs2_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 24. row **********
Charset: koi8r
Description: KOI8-R Relcom Russian
Default collation: koi8r_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 25. row **********
Charset: koi8u
Description: KOI8-U Ukrainian
Default collation: koi8u_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 26. row **********
Charset: latin1
Description: cp1252 West European
Default collation: latin1_swedish_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 27. row **********
Charset: latin2
Description: ISO 8859-2 Central European
Default collation: latin2_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 28. row **********
Charset: latin5
Description: ISO 8859-9 Turkish
Default collation: latin5_turkish_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 29. row **********
Charset: latin7
Description: ISO 8859-13 Baltic
Default collation: latin7_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 30. row **********
Charset: macce
Description: Mac Central European
Default collation: macce_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 31. row **********
Charset: macroman
Description: Mac West European
Default collation: macroman_general_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 32. row **********
Charset: sjis
Description: Shift-JIS Japanese
Default collation: sjis_japanese_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 33. row **********
Charset: swe7
Description: 7bit Swedish
Default collation: swe7_swedish_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 34. row **********
Charset: tis620
Description: TIS620 Thai
Default collation: tis620_thai_ci
Maxlen: 1
********** 35. row **********
Charset: ucs2
Description: UCS-2 Unicode
Default collation: ucs2_general_ci
Maxlen: 2
********** 36. row **********
Charset: ujis
Description: EUC-JP Japanese
Default collation: ujis_japanese_ci
Maxlen: 3
********** 37. row **********
Charset: utf16
Description: UTF-16 Unicode
Default collation: utf16_general_ci
Maxlen: 4
********** 38. row **********
Charset: utf16le
Description: UTF-16LE Unicode
Default collation: utf16le_general_ci
Maxlen: 4
********** 39. row **********
Charset: utf32
Description: UTF-32 Unicode
Default collation: utf32_general_ci
Maxlen: 4
********** 40. row **********
Charset: utf8mb3
Description: UTF-8 Unicode
Default collation: utf8mb3_general_ci
Maxlen: 3
********** 41. row **********
Charset: utf8mb4
Description: UTF-8 Unicode
Default collation: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
Maxlen: 4
您可以使用以下查询获取默认字符集的名称 -
SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA S WHERE schema_name = "test";
输出
执行上述 mysql 查询后，将生成如下所示的输出 -
| DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME |
|---|
| utf8mb4 |
SET CHARACTER SET 语句
MySQL 的 SET CHARACTER SET 语句用于为字符集属性赋值。它将服务器和当前客户端之间的所有字符串映射到指定的映射集。此语句更改 character_set_client 和 character_set_results 变量的值。
语法
以下是 MySQL SET CHARACTER SET 语句的语法 -
SET {CHARACTER SET | CHARSET}
{'charset_name' | DEFAULT}
其中，"charset_name"是字符集的名称。
示例
以下查询将字符集设置为 macroman -
SET CHARACTER SET macroman;
验证
您可以使用 show variables like 语句验证 character_set_client 和 character_set_results 变量的当前值，如下所示 -
show variables like "character_set_client";
输出
上述查询产生以下输出 -
| Variable_name | Value |
|---|---|
| character_set_client | macroman |
show variables like "character_set_results";
输出
以下是上述 mysql 查询的输出 -
| Variable_name | Value |
|---|---|
| character_set_results | macroman |
默认值
您可以使用 DEFAULT 作为值将字符集映射设置为数据库的默认字符集，如下所示 -
SET CHARACTER SET DEFAULT;
由于默认字符集为 utf8mb4，因此 character_set_client 和 character_set_results 变量的值也设置为该字符集。您可以按照如下所示验证这些值 -
show variables like "character_set_results";
输出
执行上述查询后，将生成以下输出 -
| Variable_name | Value |
|---|---|
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
show variables like "character_set_client";
输出
上述 mysql 查询将生成如下所示的输出 -
| Variable_name | Value |
|---|---|
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
SET CHARSET 语句
您也可以使用 CHARSET 关键字代替 CHARACTER SET，如下所示 -
SET CHARSET latin7;
验证
让我们使用 show variables like 语句验证 character_set_client 或 character_set_results 变量的当前值，如下所示 -
show variables like "character_set_client";
输出
执行上述查询后，将产生以下输出 -
| Variable_name | Value |
|---|---|
| character_set_client | latin7 |
