MySQL 8 教程

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MySQL 8 数据库

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MySQL 8 表

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MySQL 8 查询

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MySQL 8 索引

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MySQL 全文搜索

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MySQL8 函数和运算符

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MySQL 8 其他概念

MySQL NULL 值 MySQL 事务 MySQL 序列 MySQL 处理重复项 MySQL SQL 注入 MySQL 子查询 MySQL 注释 MySQL 检查约束 MySQL 存储引擎 MySQL 将表导出为 CSV 文件 MySQL 将 CSV 文件导入数据库 MySQL UUID MySQL 通用表表达式 MySQL 级联删除 MySQL Upsert 操作 MySQL 水平分区 MySQL 垂直分区 MySQL 游标 MySQL 存储函数 MySQL SIGNAL 异常处理 MySQL RESIGNAL 异常处理 MySQL 字符集 MySQL 排序规则 MySQL 通配符 MySQL 别名 MySQL ROLLUP 超级聚合 MySQL 当前日期 MySQL 字面量 MySQL 存储过程 MySQL EXPLAIN 语句 MySQL JSON MySQL 标准差 MySQL 查找重复记录 MySQL 删除重复记录 MySQL 选择随机记录 MySQL 显示进程列表 MySQL 更改列类型 MySQL 重置自动增量 MySQL Coalesce() 函数

MySQL 8 实用资源

MySQL 实用函数 MySQL 语句参考 MySQL 快速指南 MySQL 实用资源 MySQL 讨论


MySQL - 显示权限

MySQL 中的用户必须拥有足够的权限才能与服务器交互。这可以通过为用户分配身份验证详细信息(例如密码)来实现。此外,如果用户想要与数据交互并进行操作,则需要单独授予操作或管理权限。

MySQL SHOW PRIVILEGES

MySQL 显示权限语句显示 MYSQL 服务器支持的权限列表。显示的列表包含所有静态权限和当前已注册的动态权限。

返回的信息列表包含三列 -

  • 权限 - 权限的名称
  • 上下文 - 权限适用的 MySQL 对象的名称。
  • 注释 - 描述权限用途的字符串值。

语法

以下是列出 MySQL 服务器中所有权限的语法 -

SHOW PRIVILEGES;

示例

以下查询列出了 MySQL 服务器支持的所有权限 -

SHOW PRIVILEGES

输出

执行上述代码后,我们得到以下输出 -

Privilege Context Comment
Alter Tables To alter the table
Alter routine Functions, Procedures To alter or drop stored functions/procedures
Create Databases, Tables, Indexes To create new databases and tables
Create routine Databases To use CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
Create role Server Admin To create new roles
Create temporary tables Databases To use CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
Create view Tables To create new views
Create user Server Admin To create new users
Delete Tables To delete existing rows
Drop Databases, Tables To drop databases, tables, and views
Drop role Server Admin To drop roles
Event Server Admin To create, alter, drop and execute events
Execute Functions, Procedures To execute stored routines
File File access on server To read and write files on the server
Grant option Databases, Tables, Funcs, Procedures To give to other users those privileges you possess
Index Tables To create or drop indexes
Insert Tables To insert data into tables
Lock tables Databases To use LOCK TABLES (together with SELECT privilege)
Process Server Admin To view the plain text of currently executing queries
Proxy Server Admin To make proxy user possible
References Databases,Tables To have references on tables
Reload Server Admin To reload or refresh tables, logs and privileges
Replication client Server Admin To ask where the slave or master servers are
Replication slave Server Admin To read binary log events from the master
Select Tables To retrieve rows from table
Show databases Server Admin To see all databases with SHOW DATABASES
Show view Tables To see views with SHOW CREATE VIEW
Shutdown Server Admin To shut down the server
Super Server Admin To use KILL thread, SET GLOBAL, CHANGE MASTER, etc.
Trigger Tables To use triggers
Create tablespace Server Admin To create/alter/drop tablespaces
Update Tables To update existing rows
Usage Server Admin No privileges - allow connect only
BINLOG_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN Server Admin
AUDIT_ADMIN Server Admin
ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN Server Admin
INNODB_REDO_LOG_ARCHIVE Server Admin
APPLICATION_PASSWORD_ADMIN Server Admin
SHOW_ROUTINE Server Admin
BACKUP_ADMIN Server Admin
BINLOG_ADMIN Server Admin
CLONE_ADMIN Server Admin
CONNECTION_ADMIN Server Admin
SET_USER_ID Server Admin
SERVICE_CONNECTION_ADMIN Server Admin
GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN Server Admin
REPLICATION_APPLIER Server Admin
INNODB_REDO_LOG_ENABLE Server Admin
PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN Server Admin
TABLE_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN Server Admin
ROLE_ADMIN Server Admin
REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN Server Admin
SESSION_VARIABLES_ADMIN Server Admin
RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN Server Admin
RESOURCE_GROUP_USER Server Admin
SYSTEM_USER Server Admin
SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN Server Admin
XA_RECOVER_ADMIN Server Admin

使用客户端程序列出权限

现在,让我们看看如何使用 Java、PHP、Python、JavaScript、C++ 等编程语言的客户端程序检索/列出授予当前 MySQL 用户的所有权限。

语法

以下是语法 -

要显示授予用户的所有权限,我们需要将 SHOW PRIVILEGES 语句作为参数传递给 PHP mysqli 库的 query() 函数,如下所示:-

$sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
$mysqli->query($sql);

以下是通过 JavaScript 程序显示授予当前用户的所有权限的语法 -

sql= "SHOW PRIVILEGES;"
con.query(sql, function (err, result) {
   if (err) throw err;
      console.log(result);
});

要显示当前用户的权限,我们需要使用 JDBC executeQuery() 函数执行 SHOW PRIVILEGES 语句,如下所示:-

String sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
statement.executeQuery(sql);

以下是通过 Python 程序显示授予当前 MySQL 用户的所有权限的语法:-

sql = f"SHOW GRANTS FOR '{username_to_show}'@'localhost'";
cursorObj.execute(sql);

示例

以下是程序 -

$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
   printf("Connect failed: %s
", $mysqli->connect_error); exit(); } //printf('Connected successfully.
'); $sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES"; if($result = $mysqli->query($sql)){ printf("PRIVILEGES found successfully...!"); printf("Lists are: "); while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)){ print_r($row); } } if($mysqli->error){ printf("Failed..!" , $mysqli->error); } $mysqli->close();

输出

获得的输出如下 -

PRIVILEGES found successfully...!Lists are: Array
(
    [0] => Alter
    [Privilege] => Alter
    [1] => Tables
    [Context] => Tables
    [2] => To alter the table
    [Comment] => To alter the table
)
Array
(
    [0] => Alter routine
    [Privilege] => Alter routine
    [1] => Functions,Procedures
    [Context] => Functions,Procedures
    [2] => To alter or drop stored functions/procedures
    [Comment] => To alter or drop stored functions/procedures
)
Array
(
    [0] => Create
    [Privilege] => Create
    [1] => Databases,Tables,Indexes
    [Context] => Databases,Tables,Indexes
    [2] => To create new databases and tables
    [Comment] => To create new databases and tables
)
Array
(
    [0] => Create routine
    [Privilege] => Create routine
    [1] => Databases
    [Context] => Databases
    [2] => To use CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
    [Comment] => To use CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
)
Array
(
    [0] => Create role
    [Privilege] => Create role
    [1] => Server Admin
    [Context] => Server Admin
    [2] => To create new roles
    [Comment] => To create new roles
)
..........
(
    [0] => REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN
    [Privilege] => REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN
    [1] => Server Admin
    [Context] => Server Admin
    [2] =>
    [Comment] =>
)
Array
(
    [0] => SENSITIVE_VARIABLES_OBSERVER
    [Privilege] => SENSITIVE_VARIABLES_OBSERVER
    [1] => Server Admin
    [Context] => Server Admin
    [2] =>
    [Comment] =>
)
var mysql = require('mysql2');
var con = mysql.createConnection({
    host: "localhost",
    user: "root",
    password: "Nr5a0204@123"
});
 //连接到 MySQL
  con.connect(function (err) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log("Connected!");
  console.log("--------------------------");
 sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
  con.query(sql, function(err, result){
    if (err) throw err;
    console.log(result);
  });
});

输出

生成的输出如下 -

Connected!
--------------------------
[
  {
    Privilege: 'Alter',
    Context: 'Tables',
    Comment: 'To alter the table'
  },
.
.
.
  {
    Privilege: 'TELEMETRY_LOG_ADMIN',
    Context: 'Server Admin',
    Comment: ''
  }
]
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class ShowPriv {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TUTORIALS";
		String user = "root";
		String password = "password";
		ResultSet rs;
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            Statement st = con.createStatement();
            //System.out.println("Database connected successfully...!");
            String sql = "SHOW PRIVILEGES";
            rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
            System.out.println("All privileges: "); 
            while(rs.next()) {
            	String priv = rs.getNString(1);
            	System.out.println(priv);
            }
		}catch(Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

输出

获得的输出如下所示 -

All privileges: 
Alter
Alter routine
Create
Create routine
Create role
Create temporary tables
Create view
Create user
Delete
Drop
Drop role
Event
Execute
File
Grant option
Index
Insert
Lock tables
Process
Proxy
References
Reload
Replication client
Replication slave
Select
Show databases
Show view
Shutdown
Super
import mysql.connector
# creating the connection object
connection = mysql.connector.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='root',
    password='password'
)
username_to_show = 'newUser'
# Create a cursor object for the connection
cursorObj = connection.cursor()
cursorObj.execute(f"SHOW GRANTS FOR '{username_to_show}'@'localhost'")
privileges = cursorObj.fetchall()
print(f"Privileges for user '{username_to_show}' are:")
for grant in privileges:
    print(grant[0])
cursorObj.close()
connection.close()

输出

以下是上述代码的输出 -

Privileges for user 'newUser' are:
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `newUser`@`localhost`
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `your_database`.* TO `newUser`@`localhost`